You can also review previous topics about electrical design requirements for commercial buildings for good following-up:
High-rise building, type 1&2 : Central power supply, cables/Busbars
Conditions for using this power system architecture:
1- If the following rule is verified:
The number of building floors must not exceed the max. Number of floors for High-rise building, type 1: Central power supply, cables (i) calculated by equation#1.
If:
Max. Side length of the building = a (in meter)
One Floor area A = a2 (in square meter)
Height per floor = h (in meter)
Then:
Max. Number of floors for one supply section (i) ≤ (100 – 2a) / h (equation#1)
If the number of floors exceed the max. Number of floors for "High-rise building, type 1: Central power supply, cables " (i) calculated by equation#1, then we must use other types of power system architecture.
Notes:
- The max. Number of floors for High-rise building, type 1: Central power supply, cables (i) must be ≤ 10.
- All buildings have number of floors > 4 are high rise buildings.
2- If the (Ground area / total area) of the building ≤ 1,000 m2 / 10,000 m2.
3- If the power density of the building loads have the following limits:
- Power required ≤ 2,000 kVA.
- Segmentation of power required 80 % utilized area (i.e. functional area like Offices, Briefing rooms, Data center, Canteen kitchen with casino, Heating/ventilation/air conditioning, Fire protection and Transport) And 20 % side area (i.e. shafts, fountains, green area, sky lighting area and etc.).
4- If the power supply needed for the building have the following requirements:
- Supply types 100 % total power from the public grid; (Supply of all installations and consumer Devices available in the building).
- 10–30 % of the total power for safety power supply (SPS) from generators; (Supply of life-protecting facilities in case of danger, e.g.: Safety lighting, Elevators for firefighters, Fire-extinguishing equipment).
- 5–20 % of the total power for uninterruptible power supply (UPS); (Supply of sensitive consumer devices which must be operated without interruption in the event of a NPS failure / fault, e.g.: Tunnel lighting, airfield lighting, and Servers / computers and Communications equipment).
Example for using “ High-rise building, type 1: Central power supply, cables” power system architecture:
We have a building with 1,000 KVA total load power, 10 floors and floor area 1,000 m2 with total area 10,000 m2.
Solution selected for this building is using the “ High-rise building, type 1: Central power supply, cables” power system architecture as follows:
|
Design
solution
|
Advantages
of this solution
|
Benefits
from this solution
|
|
Using Central transformer supply
close to load center
|
Simple network configuration,
low power losses
|
Only one electric utilities
room required, easy and low-cost operation of electric system
|
|
Radial network
|
Transparent structure
|
Easy operation and fault
localization
|
|
Transformer module with 2 ×
630 kVA,
|
Voltage stability, lighter
design
|
Optimized voltage quality, economical
|
|
Redundant supply unit:
– Generator 400 kVA (30 %)
(the smaller the generator, the greater the short-circuit current must be compared to the nominal
current)
– UPS 200 kVA (15 %)
|
Supply of important consumers
on all floors in the event of a fault, e.g. during power failure of the
public grid
|
Increased reliability of
supply
|
|
Safety power supply
|
Safety power supply in acc.
With DIN VDE 0100-718
|
|
|
Supply of sensitive and
important consumers
|
Uninterruptible supply of
consumers, e.g. during power
failure of the public grid
|
|
|
Use Medium-voltage switchgear
from type SF6 gas-insulated
|
Compact Design; independent of
climate
|
Minimized space requirements
for electric utilities room; no maintenance required
|
|
Use Transformer from type
cast-resin with reduced losses
|
Low fire load, indoor
installation
|
Economical
|
|
Use Low-voltage main
distribution with central grounding
point
( which splitting of PEN in PE
and N to the TN-S system)
|
EMC-friendly power system
|
Protection of telecommunications
Equipment from electromagnetic
interference (e.g. to prevent
lower
transmission rates at
communication
lines)
|
|
Use Wiring / main route as
cables
|
Central measurement of
current, voltage, power, e.g. for billing, cost center allocation
|
Cost transparency, cost saving
|
For this example the power system architecture will be as follows:
 |
| “ High-rise building, type 1: Central power supply, cables” power system architecture |
|
NPS
|
Normal power
supply
|
|
FD
|
Floor distribution boards
|
|
PCO
|
Power company or
system operator
|
|
FF
|
Firefighters
|
|
HVAC
|
Heating –
Ventilation – Air conditioning
|
|
MS
|
Medium-voltage
switchboard
|
|
LVMD
|
Low-voltage main
distribution
|
|
SPS
|
Safety power
supply
|
|
UPS
|
Uninterruptible
power supply
|
|
z
|
Power monitoring
system
|
The same power system architecture can be used but with Wiring / main route as busbars and in this case it will be called as “High-rise building, type 2: Central power supply, busbars” And the Solution selected for this building is using the “ High-rise building, type 1: Central power supply, busbars ” power system architecture as follows:
|
Design
solution
|
Advantages
of this solution
|
Benefits
from this solution
|
|
Using Central transformer supply
close to load center
|
Simple network configuration,
low power losses
|
Only one electric utilities
room required, easy and low-cost operation of electric system
|
|
Radial network
|
Transparent structure
|
Easy operation and fault
localization
|
|
Transformer module with 2 ×
630 kVA,
|
Optimized voltage stability
|
Operation that is gentle on
the user's equipment, economical equipment
|
|
Redundant supply unit:
– Generator 400 kVA (30 %)
(the smaller the generator, the greater the short-circuit current must be compared to the nominal
current)
– UPS 200 kVA (15 %)
|
Supply of important consumers
on all floors in the event of a fault, e.g. during power failure of the
public grid
|
Increased reliability of
supply
|
|
Safety power supply
|
Safety power supply in acc.
With DIN VDE 0100-718
|
|
|
Supply of sensitive and
important consumers
|
Uninterruptible supply of
consumers, e.g. during power
failure of the public grid
|
|
|
Use Medium-voltage switchgear
from type SF6 gas-insulated
|
Compact Design; independent of
climate
|
Minimized space requirements
for
electric utilities room; no maintenance required
|
|
Use Transformer from type
cast-resin with reduced losses
|
Low fire load, indoor
installation
|
Economical
|
|
Use Low-voltage main
distribution with central grounding
point
( which splitting of PEN in PE
and N to the TN-S system)
|
EMC-friendly power system
|
Protection of telecommunications
Equipment from electromagnetic
interference (e.g. to prevent
lower
transmission rates at
communication
lines)
|
|
Use Wiring / main route as Busbars to the
sub-distribution boards
|
Central measurement of
current, voltage, power, e.g. for billing, cost center allocation
|
Safety, time savings during restructuring
|
|
Few branches in the
distribution, small
distribution
|
Minimized space requirements
for electric utilities room
|
|
|
Small, minimized rising main
busbar
|
Less space requirements for
supply lines
|
|
|
Easy installation
|
Cost saving
|
By using busars and for this example the power system architecture will be as follows:
 |
| “ High-rise building, type 1: Central power supply, busbars ” power system architecture |
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