In the previous Topic; Power system architectures for the commercial buildings – Part Three, I explained the first type of Power system architectures for the commercial buildings which was “High-rise building, type 1&2: Central power supply, cables/Busbars” and today I will explain the forth type; High-rise building, type 3: Transformers at remote location as follows.
You can also review previous topics about electrical design requirements for commercial buildings for good following-up:
High-rise building, type 3: Transformers at remote location
Conditions for using this power system architecture:
1- The max. Number of floors for this power system architecture (i) must be (10 < i ≤ 20) (i.e. i =10 to 20 floors)
Note: All buildings have number of floors > 4 are high rise buildings.
2- If the (Ground area / total area) of the building ≤ 1,000 m2 / 20,000 m2
3- If the power density of the building loads have the following limits:
- Power required ≥ 1,500 kW.
- Segmentation of power required 80 % utilized area (i.e. functional area like Offices, Briefing rooms, Data center, Canteen kitchen with casino, Heating/ventilation/air conditioning, Fire protection and Transport) And 20 % side area (i.e. shafts, fountains, green area, sky lighting area and etc.).
4- If the power supply needed for the building have the following requirements:
- Supply types 100 % total power from the public grid; (Supply of all installations and consumer Devices available in the building).
- 10–30 % of the total power for safety power supply (SPS) from generators; (Supply of life-protecting facilities in case of danger, e.g.: Safety lighting, Elevators for firefighters, Fire-extinguishing equipment).
- 5–20 % of the total power for uninterruptible power supply (UPS); (Supply of sensitive consumer devices which must be operated without interruption in the event of a NPS failure / fault, e.g.: Tunnel lighting, airfield lighting, and Servers / computers and Communications equipment).
Example for using “High-rise building, type 3: Transformers at remote location” power system architecture:
We have a building with 1,800 KVA total load power, 15 floors and floor area 1,000 m2 with total area 15,000 m2.
Solution selected for this building is using the "High-rise building, type 3: Transformers at remote location” power system architecture as follows:
|
Design
solution
|
Advantages
of this solution
|
Benefits
from this solution
|
|
Splitting into two supply
sections
|
Short LV cables, low power
losses, reduction of fire load
|
Economical, simplified fire
protection
|
|
Radial network
|
Transparent structure
|
Easy operation and fault
localization
|
|
2 Transformer module with 2 +1
X 630 kVA, (distributed
Transformers)
|
Voltage stability, lighter
design
|
Optimized voltage quality,
economical
|
|
Redundant supply unit:
– Generator 800 kVA (30 %)
(the smaller the generator, the greater the short-circuit current must be compared to the nominal
current)
– UPS 400 kVA (15 %)
|
Supply of important consumers
on all floors in the event of a fault, e.g. during power failure of the
public grid
|
Increased reliability of
supply
|
|
Safety power supply
|
Safety power supply in acc.
With DIN VDE 0100-718
|
|
|
Supply of sensitive and
important consumers
|
Uninterruptible supply of
consumers, e.g. during power
failure of the public grid
|
|
|
Use Medium-voltage switchgear
from type SF6 gas-insulated
|
Compact Design; independent of
climate
|
Minimized space requirements
for
electric utilities room; no
maintenance required
|
|
Use Transformer from type
cast-resin with reduced losses
|
Low fire load, indoor
installation
|
Economical
|
|
Use Low-voltage main
distribution with central grounding
point
( which splitting of PEN in PE
and N to the TN-S sys
(4-pole switches at the changeover points)
|
EMC-friendly power system
|
Protection of telecommunications
Equipment from electromagnetic
interference (e.g. to prevent
lower transmission rates at
communication
lines)
|
|
Use Wiring / main route as
cables
|
Measurement of current,
voltage, power, e.g. for billing, centrally per floor in LVMD
|
Central data processing
|
For this example the power system architecture will be as follows:
 |
| "High-rise building, type 3: Transformers at remote location” power system architecture |
|
NPS
|
Normal power
supply
|
|
FD
|
Floor distribution boards
|
|
PCO
|
Power company or
system operator
|
|
FF
|
Firefighters
|
|
HVAC
|
Heating –
Ventilation – Air conditioning
|
|
MS
|
Medium-voltage
switchboard
|
|
LVMD
|
Low-voltage main
distribution
|
|
SPS
|
Safety power
supply
|
|
UPS
|
Uninterruptible
power supply
|
|
z
|
Power monitoring
system
|
In the next Topic, I will explain the “High-rise building, type 4&5: Distributed supply, cables /Busbars ” power system architecture. So, please keep following.
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